cargoxx/SPEC.md

# cargoxx — project specification

A Cargo-style frontend for modern C++ that uses Nix as the source of truth for dependencies and generates CMake for the build. Users author projects with C++23 modules and never touch CMake or `flake.nix` by hand.

This document defines the user-facing contract: project layout, CLI commands, manifest schema, generated files, and the algorithms that drive code generation. It is the source of truth for what cargoxx must do. Implementation details are in `TECH_SPEC.md`.

---

## 1. Goals and non-goals

### Goals (v0.1)
- Single binary CLI `cargoxx` with `new`, `build`, `add`, `run`, `clean` commands.
- Cargo-compatible project layout. A user who knows Cargo recognizes everything.
- Module-first authoring: every C++ source unit is a module interface (`.cppm`) or a module implementation (`.cpp`). Headers are consumed via the global module fragment, not authored.
- Reproducible builds via `flake.nix` + `flake.lock`. The Nix store is the dependency cache.
- Generated CMake is hidden in `build/` and treated as a build artifact. Users never edit it.
- Curated link database covering ~25 popular libraries, shipped with the tool.

### Non-goals (v0.1)
- Not a workspace tool. No multi-package repos in v0.1.
- Not a publisher. No `cargoxx publish`, no central registry.
- No support for non-Nix package managers as primary (Conan / vcpkg recipes are read-only data sources for the link database).
- No Windows support in v0.1. Linux + macOS via Nix.
- No automatic resolution of arbitrary packages from Conan / vcpkg recipes. v0.1 ships a hand-curated database; v0.2 adds automatic resolution.

### Explicit scope cuts that may be requested but are out
- Cross-compilation
- Custom build scripts (`build.rs` equivalent)
- Features / conditional compilation flags
- Dev-dependencies separate from regular dependencies
- Profiles other than `debug` and `release`

---

## 2. Glossary

- **Manifest** — the `Cargoxx.toml` file at the project root.
- **Link recipe** — the CMake snippet (`find_package(...)` + target names) needed to consume a package. Stored per `(package, version)` in the link database.
- **Link database** — SQLite database at `~/.cache/cargoxx/linkdb.sqlite` plus a curated JSON file shipped with cargoxx.
- **Module unit** — a `.cppm` file containing `export module foo;`.
- **Implementation unit** — a `.cpp` file containing `module foo;` (no `export`).
- **Crate root** — Cargo terminology for the entry source file. We use the same convention: `src/main.cpp` is the binary crate root, `src/lib.cppm` is the library crate root.

---

## 3. User-facing project layout

The layout is fixed. cargoxx infers targets from file paths; it does not read globs from the manifest.

```
my-project/
├── Cargoxx.toml              # manifest (committed)
├── Cargoxx.lock              # resolved dep versions (committed)
├── flake.nix                 # generated from manifest (committed)
├── flake.lock                # nix lockfile (committed)
├── .gitignore                # cargoxx-managed entries
├── src/
│   ├── main.cpp              # → binary target named after [package].name
│   ├── lib.cppm              # → library target named after [package].name
│   └── bin/
│       └── tool.cpp          # → additional binary target "tool"
├── tests/
│   └── basic.cpp             # → test target "basic"
├── examples/
│   └── demo.cpp              # → example target "demo"
└── build/                    # gitignored
    ├── CMakeLists.txt        # generated
    ├── debug/                # cmake binary dir for debug profile
    └── release/              # cmake binary dir for release profile
```

### Target inference rules

Applied in order, each rule produces zero or more CMake targets.

| Path | Target kind | Target name |
| --- | --- | --- |
| `src/lib.cppm` | static library | `<package-name>` |
| `src/main.cpp` | executable | `<package-name>` |
| `src/bin/<name>.cpp` | executable | `<name>` |
| `src/<dir>/*.cppm` | module units belonging to `src/lib.cppm` | (none — added to library) |
| `src/<dir>/*.cpp` | implementation units belonging to `src/lib.cppm` | (none — added to library) |
| `tests/<name>.cpp` | executable + `add_test` | `test_<name>` |
| `examples/<name>.cpp` | executable | `example_<name>` |

Rules are deliberately rigid. If a user wants exotic layouts, they can drop down to raw CMake — but cargoxx will refuse to generate from a layout it doesn't recognize.

### Conflict and validation

- If `src/lib.cppm` exists, `src/main.cpp` (when present) must `import <package-name>;` — cargoxx does not enforce this with a parser, but documents it.
- If neither `src/main.cpp` nor `src/lib.cppm` exists, `cargoxx build` errors with: `no target found: expected src/main.cpp or src/lib.cppm`.
- File names other than the listed ones in `src/`, `src/bin/`, `tests/`, `examples/` are ignored (not an error). This allows users to keep auxiliary scripts in those directories.
- Subdirectories under `src/bin/`, `tests/`, `examples/` are not walked. Each top-level file is one target.

---

## 4. Manifest format — `Cargoxx.toml`

```toml
[package]
name = "my-project"
version = "0.1.0"
edition = "cpp23"          # one of: cpp20, cpp23, cpp26
authors = ["Name <email>"] # optional
license = "MIT"            # optional, SPDX expression

[dependencies]
fmt = "10.2"
spdlog = "1.13"
boost = { version = "1.84", components = ["filesystem", "system"] }
nlohmann_json = "3.11"

[build]
warnings_as_errors = true  # optional, default false
sanitizers = ["address"]   # optional, list of: address, undefined, thread, leak
```

### Dependency syntax

Two forms allowed:

```toml
fmt = "10.2"                                              # version string only
boost = { version = "1.84", components = ["filesystem"] } # table form
```

Version strings follow Cargo semver semantics (`"10.2"` means `>=10.2.0, <11.0.0`). cargoxx resolves to the highest matching version available in the configured Nixpkgs revision.

`components` is meaningful only for packages whose link recipe declares component support (Boost, Qt, abseil). Specified components map directly to CMake targets.

### Reserved fields

The following keys are parsed and stored but not yet acted on. They MUST be accepted without error so manifests written for v0.1 stay valid in later versions:

- `[dev-dependencies]`
- `[features]`
- `[workspace]`
- `[package].repository`
- `[package].description`

---

## 5. Lockfile — `Cargoxx.lock`

Generated and updated by cargoxx. Format is TOML, committed to version control.

```toml
version = 1

[[package]]
name = "my-project"
version = "0.1.0"
dependencies = [
    "fmt 10.2.1",
    "spdlog 1.13.0",
]

[[package]]
name = "fmt"
version = "10.2.1"
nixpkgs_attr = "fmt_10"
nixpkgs_rev = "8a3f...c2d1"
linkdb_source = "curated"

[[package]]
name = "spdlog"
version = "1.13.0"
nixpkgs_attr = "spdlog"
nixpkgs_rev = "8a3f...c2d1"
linkdb_source = "curated"
```

`nixpkgs_rev` is the same for all entries in a single resolution — cargoxx pins one Nixpkgs revision per project, picked to satisfy all `[dependencies]` simultaneously. This is the simplest model and matches what Nix flakes do natively.

---

## 6. CLI commands

### `cargoxx new <name>` and `cargoxx new --lib <name>`

Creates a new project directory.

Default (`cargoxx new foo`) creates a binary project:
```
foo/
├── Cargoxx.toml
├── flake.nix
├── flake.lock
├── .gitignore
└── src/
    └── main.cpp
```

With `--lib`:
```
foo/
├── Cargoxx.toml
├── flake.nix
├── flake.lock
├── .gitignore
└── src/
    └── lib.cppm
```

`src/main.cpp` template:
```cpp
import std;

int main() {
    std::println("Hello from {}!", "foo");
    return 0;
}
```

`src/lib.cppm` template:
```cpp
export module foo;

import std;

export namespace foo {
    auto greeting() -> std::string_view {
        return "Hello from foo!";
    }
}
```

After scaffolding, runs `cargoxx build --no-build` (generate flake.nix and CMakeLists.txt, do not invoke nix/cmake) so the project opens correctly in IDEs immediately.

### `cargoxx add <pkg>[@<version>]` and `cargoxx add <pkg> --components <a,b>`

Adds a dependency.

Algorithm:
1. Parse the package spec.
2. If `@<version>` is omitted, query the resolver for the latest version available in Nixpkgs and use that.
3. Resolve the link recipe (see §9).
4. Update `Cargoxx.toml` `[dependencies]` table, preserving formatting where possible.
5. Update `Cargoxx.lock`.
6. Regenerate `flake.nix`.
7. Print the chosen version and link recipe source for transparency: `Added fmt 10.2.1 (linkdb: curated)`.

If the link recipe cannot be resolved, the command fails with instructions for the user to file an issue or supply a manual recipe via `Cargoxx.toml`.

### `cargoxx remove <pkg>`

Inverse of `add`. Removes from manifest, lockfile, and regenerates `flake.nix`.

### `cargoxx build [--release] [--target <name>]`

1. Validate manifest and project layout.
2. Resolve dependencies if `Cargoxx.lock` is missing or stale.
3. Generate `build/CMakeLists.txt` from manifest and source tree.
4. Generate / update `flake.nix` if stale.
5. Run `nix develop --command cmake -B build/<profile> -S build -G Ninja -DCMAKE_BUILD_TYPE=<Profile>` if the binary dir doesn't exist or is stale.
6. Run `nix develop --command cmake --build build/<profile> [--target <name>]`.

`<profile>` is `debug` (default) or `release` (with `--release`). Capitalized `<Profile>` is `Debug` or `Release`.

### `cargoxx run [--release] [--bin <name>] [-- <args>...]`

`build` then exec the chosen binary. If the project has multiple binary targets and `--bin` is omitted, fail with a list. If exactly one binary exists, run it.

### `cargoxx test [--release]`

Build all `tests/*.cpp` targets, then run them via `ctest --output-on-failure` inside `build/<profile>`.

### `cargoxx clean`

Removes `build/`. Does not touch `Cargoxx.lock` or `flake.lock`.

### `cargoxx fmt` and `cargoxx check`

Stubs in v0.1 — accepted but only print a deprecation-style message: `cargoxx fmt: not implemented in v0.1, run clang-format directly`. This reserves the command names.

---

## 7. Generated `flake.nix`

cargoxx generates exactly this template. Fields in `<<...>>` are substituted from the manifest.

```nix
{
  description = "<<package.name>>";

  inputs = {
    nixpkgs.url = "github:NixOS/nixpkgs/<<resolved-rev>>";
    flake-utils.url = "github:numtide/flake-utils";
  };

  outputs = { self, nixpkgs, flake-utils }:
    flake-utils.lib.eachDefaultSystem (system:
      let
        pkgs = import nixpkgs { inherit system; };
        llvmPkgs = pkgs.llvmPackages;
      in {
        devShell = llvmPkgs.libcxxStdenv.mkDerivation {
          name = "shell";
          version = "1.0";
          nativeBuildInputs = [
            pkgs.ninja
            pkgs.cmake
            pkgs.clang-tools
          ];
          env.NIX_CFLAGS_COMPILE = toString [
            "-stdlib=libc++"
            "-Wno-unused-command-line-argument"
            "-B${pkgs.lib.getLib pkgs.libcxx}/lib"
            "-isystem ${pkgs.lib.getDev pkgs.libcxx}/include/c++/v1"
          ];
          hardeningDisable = [
            "all"
          ];
        };
      });
}
```

`<<resolved-rev>>` is the Nixpkgs commit hash from `Cargoxx.lock`. The toolchain (`clang_21`, `cmake`, `ninja`) is fixed in v0.1 — Clang because module support is most mature there.

Regeneration is idempotent: cargoxx writes the file only if its content would change. This avoids spurious `flake.lock` updates.

---

## 8. Generated `build/CMakeLists.txt`

```cmake
cmake_minimum_required(VERSION 3.30)
project(<<package.name>> LANGUAGES CXX)

# ----- toolchain configuration -----
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD <<edition-numeric>>)
set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD_REQUIRED ON)
set(CMAKE_CXX_EXTENSIONS OFF)
set(CMAKE_CXX_SCAN_FOR_MODULES ON)
set(CMAKE_EXPORT_COMPILE_COMMANDS ON)

# Generated by cargoxx — do not edit.
# Source of truth: ../Cargoxx.toml

# ----- dependencies -----
<<one find_package line per dependency, from link recipe>>

# ----- library target (if present) -----
<<if src/lib.cppm exists>>
add_library(<<package.name>> STATIC)
target_sources(<<package.name>>
    PUBLIC
        FILE_SET CXX_MODULES FILES
            ../src/lib.cppm
            <<each additional .cppm under src/, recursive>>
    PRIVATE
        <<each .cpp under src/ except src/main.cpp and src/bin/*, recursive>>
)
target_link_libraries(<<package.name>> PUBLIC
    <<each dep's CMake target name from link recipe>>
)
<<endif>>

# ----- binary target (if src/main.cpp exists) -----
<<if src/main.cpp exists>>
add_executable(<<package.name>>_bin ../src/main.cpp)
set_target_properties(<<package.name>>_bin PROPERTIES OUTPUT_NAME <<package.name>>)
target_link_libraries(<<package.name>>_bin PRIVATE
    <<package.name>>            # only if library target also exists
    <<each dep's CMake target name>>
)
<<endif>>

# ----- additional binaries (src/bin/*.cpp) -----
<<for each src/bin/<name>.cpp>>
add_executable(<<name>> ../src/bin/<<name>>.cpp)
target_link_libraries(<<name>> PRIVATE
    <<package.name>>            # only if library target also exists
    <<each dep's CMake target name>>
)
<<endfor>>

# ----- tests -----
<<if any tests/*.cpp>>
enable_testing()
<<for each tests/<name>.cpp>>
add_executable(test_<<name>> ../tests/<<name>>.cpp)
target_link_libraries(test_<<name>> PRIVATE
    <<package.name>>            # only if library target also exists
    <<each dep's CMake target name>>
)
add_test(NAME <<name>> COMMAND test_<<name>>)
<<endfor>>
<<endif>>

# ----- examples -----
<<for each examples/<name>.cpp>>
add_executable(example_<<name>> ../examples/<<name>>.cpp)
target_link_libraries(example_<<name>> PRIVATE
    <<package.name>>            # only if library target also exists
    <<each dep's CMake target name>>
)
<<endfor>>

# ----- warnings and sanitizers from [build] section -----
<<if build.warnings_as_errors>>
foreach(target_name IN ITEMS <<all_targets>>)
    target_compile_options(${target_name} PRIVATE -Wall -Wextra -Wpedantic -Werror)
endforeach()
<<endif>>
<<if build.sanitizers non-empty>>
<<emit -fsanitize=... flags via target_compile_options and target_link_options>>
<<endif>>
```

Edition mapping:
- `cpp20` → `set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 20)`
- `cpp23` → `set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 23)`
- `cpp26` → `set(CMAKE_CXX_STANDARD 26)` (CMake 3.30 supports the value as experimental)

Source paths are written relative to `build/` (i.e. prefixed with `../`) because the file lives in `build/CMakeLists.txt` but sources live in `../src/`.

---

## 9. Link database — schema and resolution

### On-disk format

Curated database shipped with cargoxx, embedded as a resource (compiled in or read from `${prefix}/share/cargoxx/linkdb.json`):

```json
{
  "version": 1,
  "packages": {
    "fmt": [
      {
        "version": ">=10.0.0",
        "nixpkgs_attr": "fmt_10",
        "find_package": "fmt CONFIG REQUIRED",
        "targets": ["fmt::fmt"]
      },
      {
        "version": ">=8.0.0,<10.0.0",
        "nixpkgs_attr": "fmt_8",
        "find_package": "fmt CONFIG REQUIRED",
        "targets": ["fmt::fmt"]
      }
    ],
    "boost": [
      {
        "version": ">=1.70.0",
        "nixpkgs_attr": "boost",
        "find_package": "Boost REQUIRED COMPONENTS {{components}}",
        "targets": ["Boost::{{component}}"],
        "components": "supported"
      }
    ],
    "openssl": [
      {
        "version": "*",
        "nixpkgs_attr": "openssl",
        "find_package": "OpenSSL REQUIRED",
        "targets": ["OpenSSL::SSL", "OpenSSL::Crypto"]
      }
    ]
  }
}
```

The `version` field is a Cargo-style range. cargoxx picks the first entry whose range matches the resolved version.

`{{components}}` and `{{component}}` are Mustache-style placeholders substituted at codegen time.

### User-overlay database

`~/.cache/cargoxx/linkdb.sqlite`:

```sql
CREATE TABLE recipes (
    package        TEXT NOT NULL,
    version_range  TEXT NOT NULL,
    nixpkgs_attr   TEXT NOT NULL,
    find_package   TEXT NOT NULL,
    targets        TEXT NOT NULL,    -- JSON array
    components     TEXT,             -- 'supported' | NULL
    source         TEXT NOT NULL,    -- 'curated' | 'conan' | 'vcpkg' | 'nix-probe' | 'manual'
    verified_at    INTEGER NOT NULL, -- unix epoch
    PRIMARY KEY (package, version_range, source)
);

CREATE TABLE resolution_failures (
    package        TEXT NOT NULL,
    version        TEXT NOT NULL,
    last_attempt   INTEGER NOT NULL,
    error          TEXT NOT NULL,
    PRIMARY KEY (package, version)
);
```

Lookup precedence: user overlay (any source) → curated (shipped JSON) → automatic resolution (v0.2+) → fail.

### Resolution algorithm (v0.1)

`resolve_link_recipe(package, version) -> Recipe | Error`:

1. Query user overlay SQLite. If a row matches and `verified_at` is recent (<30 days for `nix-probe`, never expires for `curated` / `manual`), return it.
2. Query the embedded curated JSON. If a range matches, return it.
3. Return `Error::Unknown { package }`.

In v0.2, after step 2 the algorithm continues:

4. Try `conan-center-index` GitHub raw lookup for `recipes/<package>/all/conanfile.py`. Parse `cmake_target_name`, `cmake_file_name`. Convert to a recipe.
5. Try `microsoft/vcpkg/ports/<package>/usage`. Parse the literal CMake snippet.
6. Run `nix-build` for the package, then scan the output for `lib/cmake/*/​*Config.cmake` and grep `add_library(... IMPORTED)` lines.

Each successful step writes the result to the user overlay before returning.

---

## 10. Version resolution algorithm

`resolve_version(package, version_spec) -> (version, nixpkgs_rev)`:

1. If `Cargoxx.lock` already pins this package and the spec is satisfied, return the lockfile entry.
2. Query nixhub.io: `https://www.nixhub.io/packages/<package>?_data=routes%2F_nixhub.packages.%24pkg._index`. Parse JSON for available versions and their commits.
3. If nixhub.io is unreachable, fall back to lazamar: `https://lazamar.co.uk/nix-versions/?package=<package>&channel=nixpkgs-unstable`. Parse HTML (well-formed table).
4. If both fail, fall back to a local Nixpkgs git clone at `~/.cache/cargoxx/nixpkgs/`. Run `git log --all -S 'version = "<version>"' -- pkgs/`.
5. Filter the candidate list by the version spec, choose the highest match, return `(version, rev)`.

For the *whole-project* resolution (multiple deps), cargoxx picks one revision: the latest revision that contains acceptable versions of every dependency. This is brute-force in v0.1: for each candidate revision (newest first, capped at 50 attempts), check whether all deps resolve. Take the first hit.

If no revision satisfies all constraints simultaneously, fail with a list of conflicting deps. The user resolves manually by relaxing version specs.

---

## 11. Curated package list (v0.1)

cargoxx ships with link recipes for these 25 packages. They cover the common cases. The list is fixed for v0.1; any package outside it requires a v0.2 automatic resolver or a manual user-overlay entry.

| Package | Nixpkgs attr | CMake `find_package` | CMake targets |
| --- | --- | --- | --- |
| fmt | `fmt` | `fmt CONFIG REQUIRED` | `fmt::fmt` |
| spdlog | `spdlog` | `spdlog CONFIG REQUIRED` | `spdlog::spdlog` |
| nlohmann_json | `nlohmann_json` | `nlohmann_json CONFIG REQUIRED` | `nlohmann_json::nlohmann_json` |
| boost | `boost` | `Boost REQUIRED COMPONENTS {{c}}` | `Boost::{{c}}` |
| openssl | `openssl` | `OpenSSL REQUIRED` | `OpenSSL::SSL`, `OpenSSL::Crypto` |
| zlib | `zlib` | `ZLIB REQUIRED` | `ZLIB::ZLIB` |
| sqlite3 | `sqlite` | `SQLite3 REQUIRED` | `SQLite::SQLite3` |
| curl | `curl` | `CURL REQUIRED` | `CURL::libcurl` |
| protobuf | `protobuf` | `Protobuf REQUIRED` | `protobuf::libprotobuf` |
| grpc | `grpc` | `gRPC CONFIG REQUIRED` | `gRPC::grpc++` |
| abseil-cpp | `abseil-cpp` | `absl CONFIG REQUIRED` | `absl::{{c}}` |
| gtest | `gtest` | `GTest CONFIG REQUIRED` | `GTest::gtest`, `GTest::gtest_main` |
| catch2 | `catch2_3` | `Catch2 CONFIG REQUIRED` | `Catch2::Catch2WithMain` |
| eigen | `eigen` | `Eigen3 CONFIG REQUIRED` | `Eigen3::Eigen` |
| tbb | `tbb` | `TBB CONFIG REQUIRED` | `TBB::tbb` |
| libpng | `libpng` | `PNG REQUIRED` | `PNG::PNG` |
| libjpeg | `libjpeg` | `JPEG REQUIRED` | `JPEG::JPEG` |
| freetype | `freetype` | `Freetype REQUIRED` | `Freetype::Freetype` |
| glfw | `glfw` | `glfw3 CONFIG REQUIRED` | `glfw` |
| glm | `glm` | `glm CONFIG REQUIRED` | `glm::glm` |
| sdl2 | `SDL2` | `SDL2 CONFIG REQUIRED` | `SDL2::SDL2` |
| cli11 | `cli11` | `CLI11 CONFIG REQUIRED` | `CLI11::CLI11` |
| cxxopts | `cxxopts` | `cxxopts CONFIG REQUIRED` | `cxxopts::cxxopts` |
| range-v3 | `range-v3` | `range-v3 CONFIG REQUIRED` | `range-v3::range-v3` |
| magic_enum | `magic-enum` | `magic_enum CONFIG REQUIRED` | `magic_enum::magic_enum` |

Verification of these entries is part of acceptance for v0.1 — see §13 of `TECH_SPEC.md`.

---

## 12. Error model

User-facing errors must be actionable. Each error has a code, a one-line message, and a "what to do" hint.

Examples:

```
error[E0001]: no target found
  --> ./
  expected one of: src/main.cpp, src/lib.cppm
  hint: run `cargoxx new --lib <name>` to create a library project
```

```
error[E0042]: package not in link database
  --> Cargoxx.toml:7:1
  package "obscurelib" has no known CMake link recipe
  hint: file an issue at <repo>/issues/new, or add a manual recipe via:
        cargoxx linkdb add obscurelib --find-package "obscurelib CONFIG REQUIRED" --targets "obscurelib::obscurelib"
```

```
error[E0010]: unsatisfiable version constraint
  fmt = "11.0" is not available in any Nixpkgs revision that also has spdlog = "1.13"
  available revisions for fmt 11.0: 8a3f...c2d1, 7e21...b09a
  available revisions for spdlog 1.13: 4d22...e1f8
  hint: relax one constraint and re-run `cargoxx add`
```

The full list of error codes is in `TECH_SPEC.md` §6.

---

## 13. Tools and dependencies (host project)

cargoxx itself is a C++23 application. It is a single static binary at install time.

| Concern | Library | Why |
| --- | --- | --- |
| TOML parsing | `toml++` (header-only) | Best C++ TOML library, supports comment-preserving writes via toml::table |
| JSON parsing | `nlohmann/json` | Familiar, header-only, fine for our scale |
| HTTP client | `cpp-httplib` (header-only) | No OpenSSL hard dep at build time, bundled TLS via system OpenSSL |
| SQLite | `sqlite3` C API directly | One translation unit, no abstraction tax |
| Git operations | shell out to `git` | libgit2 is a heavy dep for what we need |
| Subprocess | `reproc` (or `boost::process`) | Cross-platform, capture stdout/stderr cleanly |
| CLI parsing | `CLI11` | Subcommand support, good UX |
| Logging | `spdlog` | Everyone has it |
| Filesystem | `std::filesystem` | Built in |
| Testing | `Catch2 v3` | Module support, modern |

Bootstrap toolchain: `clang_21`, `cmake_3_30+`, `ninja`. Provided by a bootstrap `flake.nix` shipped in cargoxx's own repo.

---

## 14. Security considerations

- cargoxx never runs commands from network responses. Conan recipes are Python files; v0.2's automatic resolver MUST parse them as text (regex / minimal AST), never execute them.
- vcpkg `usage` files are plain text and safe to read.
- nixhub.io and lazamar are trusted only as version directories. The actual fetch happens through Nix, which verifies hashes via `flake.lock`.
- The user overlay SQLite is per-user with default permissions (0600).
- cargoxx never writes outside the project directory and `~/.cache/cargoxx/`.

---

## 15. Versioning and stability

v0.1 is explicitly experimental. Manifest format may break at v0.2. After v1.0:

- Bumping `[package].edition` is the only way to opt into breaking C++ language changes.
- The manifest format is stable across minor versions.
- The link database format is independent of the manifest version.
- Generated `flake.nix` and `CMakeLists.txt` are not part of the stability contract — they're build artifacts.

`Cargoxx.lock` format version is bumped on incompatible changes; cargoxx refuses to read a newer lockfile than it understands.